1. Control your behavior and seek out repetitive contact with or substantive exposure to out-group members.
2. Be mindful of societal-level power differences without perpetuating them yourself.
3. Be respectful.
4. Leaders should devote considerable effort and attention to creating the right conditions for optimal intergroup contact.
5. Practice simple empathetic mental exercises like putting yourself in someone else's shoes and thinking about what life is from their perspective.
6. People must be given the chance or opportunity to do better.

The Enlightenment was a movement that promoted values of reason, evidence-based knowledge, free inquiry, individual liberty, humanism, limited government, and the separation of church and state.

18th century Paris served as a place for intellectual discourse where philosophes birthed the Age of Enlightenment. Paris earned the nickname "the City of Light."

The Filipino dream.

• A reader's attention span is about 30 seconds. And this is usually a person assailed by many forces competing for attention.


• In the past, those forces were relatively few: newspapers, magazines, radio, spouse, children, pets.


• Today they also include multiple electronic devices for receiving entertainment and information, as well as a fitness program, a pool, and that most powerful competitor, sleep.